Diagnostic Strategies for Urologic Cancer Using Expression Analysis of Various Oncogenic Surveillance Molecules—From Non-Coding Small RNAs to Cancer-Specific Proteins

Urinary-tract-related tumors are prone to simultaneous or heterogeneous multiple tumor development within the primary organ. Urologic have a very high risk of recurrence in long and short term. This may be related disruption homeostasis on genetic level, such as induction mutations due exposure various carcinogenic factors cancer suppressor gene functions. It is essential detect progression signals caused by abnormalities find treatment therapies. In this review, we discuss usefulness tumor-expressing clinical biomarkers for predicting progression. Furthermore, associated with disturbed intracellular those targeted microRNAs, which representative non-coding small RNAs.